Neutralization Interfering Antibodies: A “Novel” Example of Humoral Immune Dysfunction Facilitating Viral Escape?

doi:10.3390/v4091731

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Viruses 2012, 4(9), 1731-1752; doi:10.3390/v4091731

Review

Neutralization Interfering Antibodies: A “Novel” Example of Humoral Immune Dysfunction Facilitating Viral Escape?

Mancini Nicasio^†,* , Giuseppe Sautto^†, Nicola Clementi, Roberta A. Diotti, Elena Criscuolo, Matteo Castelli, Laura Solforosi, Massimo Clementi and Roberto Burioni

Microbiology and Virology Unit, “Vita-Salute” San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, Milan 20132, Italy ^† These authors contributed equally to this work.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 2 August 2012; in revised form: 1 September 2012 / Accepted: 17 September 2012 / Published: 24 September 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immune Evasion)

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Abstract: The immune response against some viral pathogens, in particular those causing chronic infections, is often ineffective notwithstanding a robust humoral neutralizing response. Several evasion mechanisms capable of subverting the activity of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) have been described. Among them, the elicitation of non-neutralizing and interfering Abs has been hypothesized. Recently, this evasion mechanism has acquired an increasing interest given its possible impact on novel nAb-based antiviral therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. In this review, we illustrate the mechanisms of Ab-mediated interference and the viral pathogens described in literature as able to adopt this “novel” evasion strategy.

Keywords: neutralizing antibodies; non-neutralizing antibodies; interfering antibodies; viral escape mechanism

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Nicasio, M.; Sautto, G.; Clementi, N.; Diotti, R.A.; Criscuolo, E.; Castelli, M.; Solforosi, L.; Clementi, M.; Burioni, R. Neutralization Interfering Antibodies: A “Novel” Example of Humoral Immune Dysfunction Facilitating Viral Escape? Viruses 2012, 4, 1731-1752.

AMA Style

Nicasio M, Sautto G, Clementi N, Diotti RA, Criscuolo E, Castelli M, Solforosi L, Clementi M, Burioni R. Neutralization Interfering Antibodies: A “Novel” Example of Humoral Immune Dysfunction Facilitating Viral Escape? Viruses. 2012; 4(9):1731-1752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicasio, Mancini; Sautto, Giuseppe; Clementi, Nicola; Diotti, Roberta A.; Criscuolo, Elena; Castelli, Matteo; Solforosi, Laura; Clementi, Massimo; Burioni, Roberto. 2012. "Neutralization Interfering Antibodies: A “Novel” Example of Humoral Immune Dysfunction Facilitating Viral Escape?" Viruses 4, no. 9: 1731-1752.

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