Viruses 2010, 2(9), 1844-1866; doi:10.3390/v2091844
Increasing the Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenovirus Vectors
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
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Received: 23 July 2010 / Revised: 17 August 2010 / Accepted: 25 August 2010 / Published: 27 August 2010
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adenoviral Vectors)
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Abstract
Oncolytic adenovirus (Ad) vectors present a new modality to treat cancer. These vectors attack tumors via replicating in and killing cancer cells. Upon completion of the vector replication cycle, the infected tumor cell lyses and releases progeny virions that are capable of infecting neighboring tumor cells. Repeated cycles of vector replication and cell lysis can destroy the tumor. Numerous Ad vectors have been generated and tested, some of them reaching human clinical trials. In 2005, the first oncolytic Ad was approved for the treatment of head-and-neck cancer by the Chinese FDA. Oncolytic Ads have been proven to be safe, with no serious adverse effects reported even when high doses of the vector were injected intravenously. The vectors demonstrated modest anti-tumor effect when applied as a single agent; their efficacy improved when they were combined with another modality. The efficacy of oncolytic Ads can be improved using various approaches, including vector design, delivery techniques, and ancillary treatment, which will be discussed in this review.Keywords:
adenovirus; replication competent; tumor; virotherapy
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 3.0).
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MDPI and ACS Style
Toth, K.; Wold, W.S.M. Increasing the Efficacy of Oncolytic Adenovirus Vectors. Viruses 2010, 2, 1844-1866.