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Viruses 2010, 2(6), 1322-1339; doi:10.3390/v2061322

Review

Historical Perspectives in the Development of Antiviral Agents Against Poxviruses

Erik De Clercq

Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

Received: 19 April 2010; in revised form: 28 May 2010 / Accepted: 28 May 2010 / Published: 14 June 2010

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antivirals Against Poxviruses)

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Abstract: The poxvirus vaccinia virus (VV) served as the model virus for which the first antivirals, the thiosemicarbazones, were identified. This dates back to 1950; and, although there is at present no single antiviral drug specifically licensed for the chemotherapy or -prophylaxis of poxvirus infections, numerous candidate compounds have been described over the past 50 years. These compounds include interferon and inducers thereof (i.e., polyacrylic acid), 5-substituted 2’-deoxyuridines (i.e., idoxuridine), IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase inhibitors, acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (such as cidofovir) and alkoxyalkyl prodrugs thereof (such as CMX001), viral egress inhibitors (such as tecovirimat), and cellular kinase inhibitors (such as imatinib).

Keywords: thiosemicarbazones; interferon (inducers); idoxuridine (IDU); acyclic nucleoside phosphonates; cidofovir; CMX001 (HDP-CDV); tecovirimat (ST-246); Gleevec (imatinib)

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