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• Ryskin, A
• Shcheulin, A
• Angervaks, A
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• Shcheulin, A
• Angervaks, A
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• Ryskin, A
• Shcheulin, A
• Angervaks, A

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Materials 2012, 5(5), 784-817; doi:10.3390/ma5050784

Review

Semiconductor CdF₂:Ga and CdF₂:In Crystals as Media for Real-Time Holography

Alexander I. Ryskin, Alexander S. Shcheulin and Alexander E. Angervaks*

National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 49, Kronverkskiy pr., St. Petersburg 197101, Russia

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 14 March 2012; in revised form: 24 April 2012 / Accepted: 25 April 2012 / Published: 7 May 2012

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Modern Holographic Applications)

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Abstract: Monocrystalline cadmium fluoride is a dielectric solid that can be converted into a semiconductor by doping with donor impurities and subsequent heating in the reduction atmosphere. For two donor elements, Ga and In, the donor (“shallow”) state is a metastable one separated from the ground (“deep”) state by a barrier. Photoinduced deep-to-shallow state transition underlies the photochromism of CdF₂:Ga and CdF₂:In. Real-time phase holograms are recorded in these crystals capable of following up optical processes in a wide frequency range. The features of photochromic transformations in CdF₂:Ga and CdF₂:In crystals as well as holographic characteristics of these media are discussed. Exemplary applications of CdF₂-based holographic elements are given.

Keywords: cadmium fluoride; bistable centers; photoinduced metastable state; holographic grating decay; real-time holography; dynamic correction of wavefronts and optical images; holographic correlator

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