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• Kemble, S
• Manfrida, G
• Milazzo, A
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• Kemble, S
• Manfrida, G
• Milazzo, A
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• Kemble, S
• Manfrida, G
• Milazzo, A

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Energies 2013, 6(2), 1050-1067; doi:10.3390/en6021050

Article

Exergy and Exergoeconomic Model of a Ground-Based CAES Plant for Peak-Load Energy Production

Francesco Buffa ¹ , Simon Kemble ¹ , Giampaolo Manfrida ^2,*  and Adriano Milazzo ²

¹ GE Oil & Gas Nuovo Pignone SrL, Firenze, Italy ² Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Firenze, Italy

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 7 November 2012; in revised form: 11 December 2012 / Accepted: 22 January 2013 / Published: 19 February 2013

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 25th International Conference on Efficiency, Cost, Optimization, Simulation and Environmental Impact of Energy Systems (ECOS2012))

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Abstract: Compressed Air Energy Storage is recognized as a promising technology for applying energy storage to grids which are more and more challenged by the increasing contribution of renewable such as solar or wind energy. The paper proposes a medium-size ground-based CAES system, based on pressurized vessels and on a multiple-stage arrangement of compression and expansion machinery; the system includes recovery of heat from the intercoolers, and its storage as sensible heat in two separate (hot/cold) water reservoirs, and regenerative reheat of the expansions. The CAES plant parameters were adapted to the requirements of existing equipment (compressors, expanders and heat exchangers). A complete exergy analysis of the plant was performed. Most component cost data were procured from the market, asking specific quotations to the industrial providers. It is thus possible to calculate the final cost of the electricity unit (kWh) produced under peak-load mode, and to identify the relative contribution between the two relevant groups of capital and component inefficiencies costs.

Keywords: Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES); exergy; exergoeconomics; thermoeconomics

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