Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6(4), 1358-1370; doi:10.3390/ijerph6041358
Article

Smoking and the Risk of Upper Aero Digestive Tract Cancers for Men and Women in the Asia-Pacific Region

Alireza Ansary-Moghaddamemail, Alexandra Martiniukemail, Tai-Hing Lamemail, Konrad Jamrozikemail, Akiko Tamakoshiemail, Xianghua Fangemail, Il Suhemail, Federica Barziemail, Rachel Huxleyemail and Mark Woodward* email
The Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration, Mount Sinai Medical School, Box 1087, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 24 December 2008 / Accepted: 1 April 2009 / Published: 3 April 2009
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tobacco Smoking and Public Health)
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Abstract: Although smoking is an established causal factor for upper aero digestive tract cancer (UADTC), most of the evidence originates from the West. Thus, we analysed data from 455,409 subjects in the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Over a median of around six years follow-up, 371 deaths from UADTC were observed. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for current smokers, compared with those who had never smoked, was 2.36 (1.76 – 3.16), adjusted for age and alcohol drinking. Tobacco control policies are urgently required in Asia to prevent millions of deaths from UADTC that smoking will otherwise cause.
Keywords: Cancer of the pharynx; cancer of the larynx; cancer of the esophagus; smoking; alcohol

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ansary-Moghaddam, A.; Martiniuk, A.; Lam, T.-H.; Jamrozik, K.; Tamakoshi, A.; Fang, X.; Suh, I.; Barzi, F.; Huxley, R.; Woodward, M. Smoking and the Risk of Upper Aero Digestive Tract Cancers for Men and Women in the Asia-Pacific Region. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 1358-1370.

AMA Style

Ansary-Moghaddam A, Martiniuk A, Lam T-H, Jamrozik K, Tamakoshi A, Fang X, Suh I, Barzi F, Huxley R, Woodward M. Smoking and the Risk of Upper Aero Digestive Tract Cancers for Men and Women in the Asia-Pacific Region. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009; 6(4):1358-1370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ansary-Moghaddam, Alireza; Martiniuk, Alexandra; Lam, Tai-Hing; Jamrozik, Konrad; Tamakoshi, Akiko; Fang, Xianghua; Suh, Il; Barzi, Federica; Huxley, Rachel; Woodward, Mark. 2009. "Smoking and the Risk of Upper Aero Digestive Tract Cancers for Men and Women in the Asia-Pacific Region." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 6, no. 4: 1358-1370.

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