Preventing and Managing Cardiometabolic Risk: The Logic for Intervention

doi:10.3390/ijerph6102568

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Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6(10), 2568-2584; doi:10.3390/ijerph6102568

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Preventing and Managing Cardiometabolic Risk: The Logic for Intervention

Mark A. Pereira¹, Thomas E. Kottke^2,3,* , Courtney Jordan¹, Patrick J. O’Connor², Nicolaas P. Pronk^2,3 and Rita Carreón⁴

¹ Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454-1015, USA ² HealthPartners Research Foundation, Minneapolis, MN 55440-1524, USA ³ JourneyWell, Minneapolis, MN 55425, USA ⁴ America’s Health Insurance Plans, Washington, DC 20004, USA

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 10 August 2009; Accepted: 29 September 2009 / Published: 30 September 2009

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases and Public Health)

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Abstract: Cardiometabolic risk (CMR), also known as metabolic syndrome or insulin resistance syndrome, comprises obesity (particularly central or abdominal obesity), high triglycerides, low HDL, elevated blood pressure, and elevated plasma glucose. Leading to death from diabetes, heart disease, and stroke, the root cause of CMR is inadequate physical activity, a Western diet identified primarily by low intake of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and high in saturated fat, as well as a number of yet-to-be-identified genetic factors. While the pathophysiological pathways related to CMR are complex, the universal need for adequate physical activity and a diet that emphasizes fruits and vegetables and whole grains, while minimizing food high in added sugars and saturated fat suggests that these behaviors are the appropriate focus of intervention.

Keywords: cardiometabolic risk; diet; physical activity; treatment; prevention; strategy

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Pereira, M.A.; Kottke, T.E.; Jordan, C.; O’Connor, P.J.; Pronk, N.P.; Carreón, R. Preventing and Managing Cardiometabolic Risk: The Logic for Intervention. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2009, 6, 2568-2584.

AMA Style

Pereira MA, Kottke TE, Jordan C, O’Connor PJ, Pronk NP, Carreón R. Preventing and Managing Cardiometabolic Risk: The Logic for Intervention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2009; 6(10):2568-2584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pereira, Mark A.; Kottke, Thomas E.; Jordan, Courtney; O’Connor, Patrick J.; Pronk, Nicolaas P.; Carreón, Rita. 2009. "Preventing and Managing Cardiometabolic Risk: The Logic for Intervention." Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 6, no. 10: 2568-2584.

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