Mar. Drugs 2011, 9(11), 2283-2290; doi:10.3390/md9112283
Review

Gustatory Detection of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, and Its Competitive Inhibition by Quinine and Strychnine in Freshwater Fishes

Toshiaki J. Haraemail
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada
Received: 19 September 2011; in revised form: 31 October 2011 / Accepted: 1 November 2011 / Published: 8 November 2011
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tetrodotoxin)
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Abstract: Fish detect extremely low levels of marine toxins tetrodotoxin (TTX) and saxitoxin (STX) via the specialized gustatory receptor(s). Physiological and pharmacological studies show that receptor(s) for TTX and STX are distinct from those which detect feeding stimulant amino acids and bile acids, and that TTX and STX do not share the same receptor populations, while interacting with quinine and strychnine in a competitive fashion suggestive of an antidotal relationship.
Keywords: fish; gustation; tertrodotoxin; quinine; strychnine; inhibition; antidote

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Hara, T.J. Gustatory Detection of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, and Its Competitive Inhibition by Quinine and Strychnine in Freshwater Fishes. Mar. Drugs 2011, 9, 2283-2290.

AMA Style

Hara TJ. Gustatory Detection of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, and Its Competitive Inhibition by Quinine and Strychnine in Freshwater Fishes. Marine Drugs. 2011; 9(11):2283-2290.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hara, Toshiaki J. 2011. "Gustatory Detection of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, and Its Competitive Inhibition by Quinine and Strychnine in Freshwater Fishes." Mar. Drugs 9, no. 11: 2283-2290.

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