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Mar. Drugs, Volume 8, Issue 11 (November 2010) – 7 articles , Pages 2733-2848

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357 KiB  
Article
Lobophytones O–T, New Biscembranoids and Cembranoid from Soft Coral Lobophytum pauciflorum
by Pengcheng Yan, Zhiwei Deng, Leen van Ofwegen, Peter Proksch and Wenhan Lin
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2837-2848; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112848 - 10 Nov 2010
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 10383
Abstract
Chemical examination of a Chinese soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum resulted in the isolation of five new biscembranoids named lobophytones O–S (15) and a new “monomeric” cembrane lobophytone T (6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated [...] Read more.
Chemical examination of a Chinese soft coral Lobophytum pauciflorum resulted in the isolation of five new biscembranoids named lobophytones O–S (15) and a new “monomeric” cembrane lobophytone T (6). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectroscopic data in association with MS and IR data. Lobophytone Q showed significant inhibition against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in mouse peritoneal macrophages, while lobophytones Q and T showed inhibitory activities against the bacteria S. aureus and S. pneumoniae. Full article
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1705 KiB  
Review
Recent N-Atom Containing Compounds from Indo-Pacific Invertebrates
by Yoel Kashman, Ashgan Bishara and Maurice Aknin
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2810-2836; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112810 - 10 Nov 2010
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8416
Abstract
A large variety of unique N-atom containing compounds (alkaloids) without terrestrial counterparts, have been isolated from marine invertebrates, mainly sponges and ascidians. Many of these compounds display interesting biological activities. In this report we present studies on nitrogenous compounds, isolated by our [...] Read more.
A large variety of unique N-atom containing compounds (alkaloids) without terrestrial counterparts, have been isolated from marine invertebrates, mainly sponges and ascidians. Many of these compounds display interesting biological activities. In this report we present studies on nitrogenous compounds, isolated by our group during the last few years, from Indo-Pacific sponges, one ascidian and one gorgonian. The major part of the review deals with metabolites from the Madagascar sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp., namely, four groups of secondary metabolites, the salarins, tulearins, taumycins and tausalarins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Alkaloids)
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311 KiB  
Article
Antimutagenicity and Antiproliferative Studies of Lipidic Extracts from White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
by Griselda Wilson-Sanchez, Carolina Moreno-Félix, Carlos Velazquez, Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea, Anita Acosta, Lorena Machi-Lara, María-Lourdes Aldana-Madrid, Josafat-Marina Ezquerra-Brauer, Ramón Robles-Zepeda and Armando Burgos-Hernandez
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2795-2809; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112795 - 08 Nov 2010
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 9247
Abstract
An organic extract from fresh shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was studied for antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation (S9) and a cancer cell line (B-cell lymphoma), respectively. Shrimp extract was sequentially fractionated by [...] Read more.
An organic extract from fresh shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was studied for antimutagenic and antiproliferative properties using Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 with metabolic activation (S9) and a cancer cell line (B-cell lymphoma), respectively. Shrimp extract was sequentially fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and each fraction was tested for antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities. Crude organic extracts obtained from shrimp reduced the number of revertants caused by aflatoxina B1, showing a dose-response type of relationship. Sequential TLC fractionation of the active extracts produced several antimutagenic and/or antiproliferative fractions. These results suggested that the lipid fraction of the tested species contained compounds with chemoprotective properties that reduce the mutagenicity of AFB1 and proliferation of a cancer cell line. Full article
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301 KiB  
Review
Marine Bacterial Sialyltransferases
by Takeshi Yamamoto
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2781-2794; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112781 - 05 Nov 2010
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 8848
Abstract
Sialyltransferases transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from the common donor substrate of these enzymes, cytidine 5’-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), to acceptor substrates. The enzymatic reaction products including sialyl‑glycoproteins, sialyl-glycolipids and sialyl-oligosaccharides are important molecules in various biological and physiological processes, such as [...] Read more.
Sialyltransferases transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from the common donor substrate of these enzymes, cytidine 5’-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), to acceptor substrates. The enzymatic reaction products including sialyl‑glycoproteins, sialyl-glycolipids and sialyl-oligosaccharides are important molecules in various biological and physiological processes, such as cell-cell recognition, cancer metastasis, and virus infection. Thus, sialyltransferases are thought to be important enzymes in the field of glycobiology. To date, many sialyltransferases and the genes encoding them have been obtained from various sources including mammalian, bacterial and viral sources. During the course of our research, we have detected over 20 bacteria that produce sialyltransferases. Many of the bacteria we isolated from marine environments are classified in the genus Photobacterium or the closely related genus Vibrio. The paper reviews the sialyltransferases obtained mainly from marine bacteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enzymes from the Sea: Sources, Molecular Biology and Bioprocesses)
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1332 KiB  
Review
Thiazole and Oxazole Alkaloids: Isolation and Synthesis
by Danilo Davyt and Gloria Serra
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2755-2780; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112755 - 05 Nov 2010
Cited by 170 | Viewed by 14015
Abstract
Thiazoles, oxazole and their corresponding reduced derivatives, thiazolines and oxazolines, are found in marine sources exhibiting significant biological activities. The isolation, synthetic, and biological studies of these natural products, covering literature from January 2007 to June 2010, are summarized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Alkaloids)
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216 KiB  
Article
Verrucisidinol and Verrucosidinol Acetate, Two Pyrone-Type Polyketides Isolated from a Marine Derived Fungus, Penicillium aurantiogriseum
by Ke Yu, Biao Ren, Junli Wei, Caixia Chen, Jinsheng Sun, Fuhang Song, Huanqin Dai and Lixin Zhang
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2744-2754; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112744 - 01 Nov 2010
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 9758
Abstract
The new secondary metabolites verrucosidinol (1) and its derivative verrucosidinol acetate (2), together with a potent neurotoxin verrucosidin (3), a congener norverrucosidin (4) and a mixture of two known phytotoxic metabolites terrestric acids (5 [...] Read more.
The new secondary metabolites verrucosidinol (1) and its derivative verrucosidinol acetate (2), together with a potent neurotoxin verrucosidin (3), a congener norverrucosidin (4) and a mixture of two known phytotoxic metabolites terrestric acids (5 and 6), were isolated from the marine derived fungus Penicillium aurantiogriseum. Verrucosidinol has a ring-opened ethylene oxide moiety in the polyene α-pyrone skeleton, and verrucosidinol acetate is its acetate derivative. The chemical structures were determined by comparing with literature data and a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including high resolution mass spectrum and two-dimentional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis. Full article
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329 KiB  
Article
Effect of Elatol, Isolated from Red Seaweed Laurencia dendroidea, on Leishmania amazonensis
by Adriana Oliveira dos Santos, Phercyles Veiga-Santos, Tânia Ueda-Nakamura, Benedito Prado Dias Filho, Daniela Bueno Sudatti, Éverson Miguel Bianco, Renato Crespo Pereira and Celso Vataru Nakamura
Mar. Drugs 2010, 8(11), 2733-2743; https://doi.org/10.3390/md8112733 - 29 Oct 2010
Cited by 82 | Viewed by 13052
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of sesquiterpene elatol, the major constituent of the Brazilian red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux, against L. amazonensis. Elatol after 72 h of treatment, showed an IC50 of 4.0 µM and 0.45 [...] Read more.
In the present study, we investigated the antileishmanial activity of sesquiterpene elatol, the major constituent of the Brazilian red seaweed Laurencia dendroidea (Hudson) J.V. Lamouroux, against L. amazonensis. Elatol after 72 h of treatment, showed an IC50 of 4.0 µM and 0.45 µM for promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, respectively. By scanning and transmission electron microscopy, parasites treated with elatol revealed notable changes compared with control cells, including: pronounced swelling of the mitochondrion; appearance of concentric membrane structures inside the organelle; destabilization of the plasma membrane; and formation of membrane structures, apparently an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum, which is suggestive of an autophagic process. A cytotoxicity assay showed that the action of the isolated compound is more specific for protozoa, and it is not toxic to macrophages. Our studies indicated that elatol is a potent antiproliferative agent against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms, and may have important advantages for the development of new anti-leishamanial chemotherapies. Full article
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