Mar. Drugs 2013, 11(2), 418-430; doi:10.3390/md11020418
Article

Cytotoxic Effect of Clerosterol Isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 Human Melanoma Cells

Areum Daseul Kim 1 email, Youngki Lee 1 email, Sang-Hyuck Kang 2 email, Gi Young Kim 2 email, Hye Sun Kim 3 email and Jin Won Hyun 1,* email
1 School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea 2 Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea 3 Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 18 December 2012; in revised form: 21 January 2013 / Accepted: 31 January 2013 / Published: 6 February 2013
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Abstract: The cytotoxic effects and mechanism of action of clerosterol, isolated from the marine alga Codium fragile, were investigated in A2058 human melanoma cells. Clerosterol inhibited the growth of A2058 cells with an IC50 of 150 µM and induced apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation, an increase in the number of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells and the presence of apoptotic bodies. Clerosterol treatment caused the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Alterations in the expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in response to clerosterol treatment included upregulation of Bax, downregulation of Bcl-2 and activation of caspases 3 and 9. The pan-caspase inhibitor treatment attenuated the expression of the active form of caspases and cell death induced by clerosterol. The present results show that clerosterol exerts its cytotoxic effect in A2058 human melanoma cells by caspases-dependent apoptosis.
Keywords: clerosterol; melanoma cell; apoptosis; mitochondrial membrane potential

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kim, A.D.; Lee, Y.; Kang, S.-H.; Kim, G.Y.; Kim, H.S.; Hyun, J.W. Cytotoxic Effect of Clerosterol Isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 Human Melanoma Cells. Mar. Drugs 2013, 11, 418-430.

AMA Style

Kim AD, Lee Y, Kang S-H, Kim GY, Kim HS, Hyun JW. Cytotoxic Effect of Clerosterol Isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 Human Melanoma Cells. Marine Drugs. 2013; 11(2):418-430.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kim, Areum D.; Lee, Youngki; Kang, Sang-Hyuck; Kim, Gi Y.; Kim, Hye S.; Hyun, Jin W. 2013. "Cytotoxic Effect of Clerosterol Isolated from Codium fragile on A2058 Human Melanoma Cells." Mar. Drugs 11, no. 2: 418-430.

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