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• Castelli, F
• Odolini, S
• Autino, B
• Foca, E
• Russo, R
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• Castelli, F
• Odolini, S
• Autino, B
• Foca, E
• Russo, R
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• Castelli, F
• Odolini, S
• Autino, B
• Foca, E
• Russo, R

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Pharmaceuticals 2010, 3(10), 3212-3239; doi:10.3390/ph3103212

Review

Malaria Prophylaxis: A Comprehensive Review

Francesco Castelli ^1,* , Silvia Odolini ¹ , Beatrice Autino ¹ , Emanuele Foca ¹  and Rosario Russo ²

¹ Institute for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University of Brescia, Piazza Spedali Civili, 1 - 25123–Brescia, Italy ² Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Catania, Via Palermo 635 – 95100 Catania, Italy

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 1 September 2010; in revised form: 7 October 2010 / Accepted: 11 October 2010 / Published: 13 October 2010

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tropical Medicine)

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Abstract: The flow of international travellers to and from malaria-endemic areas, especially Africa, has increased in recent years. Apart from the very high morbidity and mortality burden imposed on malaria-endemic areas, imported malaria is the main cause of fever possibly causing severe disease and death in travellers coming from tropical and subtropical areas, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. The importance of behavioural preventive measures (bed nets, repellents, etc.), adequate chemoprophylaxis and, in selected circumstances, stand-by emergency treatment may not be overemphasized. However, no prophylactic regimen may offer complete protection. Expert advice is needed to tailor prophylactic advice according to traveller (age, baseline clinical conditions, etc.) and travel (destination, season, etc.) characteristics in order to reduce malaria risk.

Keywords: malaria; prophylaxis; traveller

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