Remote Query Resonant-Circuit Sensors for Monitoring of Bacteria Growth: Application to Food Quality Control

doi:10.3390/s20600219

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Sensors 2002, 2(6), 219-232; doi:10.3390/s20600219

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Remote Query Resonant-Circuit Sensors for Monitoring of Bacteria Growth: Application to Food Quality Control

Keat G. Ong ¹, J. S. Bitler ², Craig A. Grimes ¹^,* , Libby G. Puckett ³ and Leonidas G. Bachas ³

¹ Department of Electrical Engineering & Materials Research Institute, 217 Materials Research Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA ² Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA. 01845, USA ³ Department of Chemistry, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 15 June 2002 / Accepted: 17 June 2002 / Published: 22 June 2002

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Abstract: This paper presents a technique for in-situ remote query monitoring of bacteria growth utilizing a printed thin or thick-film sensor comprised of an inductor-capacitor (LC) resonant circuit. The sensor, which is placed within the biological medium of interest and remotely detected using a loop antenna, measures the complex permittivity of the medium. Since bacteria growth increases the complex permittivity of a biological medium the LC sensor can be used to determine bacteria concentration. This paper presents results on monitoring of three different bacteria strains, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli JM109, and Pseudomonas putida, demonstrating application of the sensor for monitoring bacteria growth in milk, meat, and beer. Due to its low unit cost and remote query detection, the sensor is potentially useful for commercial scale monitoring of food quality.

Keywords: Sensor; Resonant circuit; Wireless; Remote query; Passive; Complex permittivity; Bacteria; Food quality

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ong, K.G.; Bitler, J.S.; Grimes, C.A.; Puckett, L.G.; Bachas, L.G. Remote Query Resonant-Circuit Sensors for Monitoring of Bacteria Growth: Application to Food Quality Control. Sensors 2002, 2, 219-232.

AMA Style

Ong K.G., Bitler J.S., Grimes C.A., Puckett L.G., Bachas L.G. Remote Query Resonant-Circuit Sensors for Monitoring of Bacteria Growth: Application to Food Quality Control. Sensors. 2002; 2(6):219-232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ong, Keat G.; Bitler, J. S.; Grimes, Craig A.; Puckett, Libby G.; Bachas, Leonidas G. 2002. "Remote Query Resonant-Circuit Sensors for Monitoring of Bacteria Growth: Application to Food Quality Control." Sensors 2, no. 6: 219-232.

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