Sensors 2013, 13(1), 1341-1352; doi:10.3390/s130101341
Article

Fluorescent Ratiometric Indicators Based on Cu(II)-Induced Changes in Poly(NIPAM) Microparticle Volume

John Osambo 1 email, W. Rudolf Seitz 1,* email, Daniel P. Kennedy 1,2 email, Roy P. Planalp 1 email, Aaron M. Jones 2 email, Randy K. Jackson 2 email and Shawn Burdette 3 email
1 Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA 3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 1 December 2012; in revised form: 12 January 2013 / Accepted: 15 January 2013 / Published: 21 January 2013
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Sensors)
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Abstract: Microparticles consisting of the thermal responsive polymer N-isopropyl acrylamide (polyNIPAM), a metal ion-binding ligand and a fluorophore pair that undergoes fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been prepared and characterized. Upon the addition of Cu(II), the microparticles swell or contract depending on whether charge is introduced or neutralized on the polymer backbone. The variation in microparticle morphology is translated into changes in emission of each fluorophore in the FRET pair. By measuring the emission intensity ratio between the FRET pair upon Cu(II) addition, the concentration of metal ion in solution can be quantified. This ratiometric fluorescent indicator is the newest technique in an ongoing effort to use emission spectroscopy to monitor Cu(II) thermodynamic activity in environmental water samples.
Keywords: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; copper; polyNIPAM; microparticles; ratiometric indicator; metal complex

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Osambo, J.; Seitz, W.R.; Kennedy, D.P.; Planalp, R.P.; Jones, A.M.; Jackson, R.K.; Burdette, S. Fluorescent Ratiometric Indicators Based on Cu(II)-Induced Changes in Poly(NIPAM) Microparticle Volume. Sensors 2013, 13, 1341-1352.

AMA Style

Osambo J, Seitz WR, Kennedy DP, Planalp RP, Jones AM, Jackson RK, Burdette S. Fluorescent Ratiometric Indicators Based on Cu(II)-Induced Changes in Poly(NIPAM) Microparticle Volume. Sensors. 2013; 13(1):1341-1352.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Osambo, John; Seitz, W. R.; Kennedy, Daniel P.; Planalp, Roy P.; Jones, Aaron M.; Jackson, Randy K.; Burdette, Shawn. 2013. "Fluorescent Ratiometric Indicators Based on Cu(II)-Induced Changes in Poly(NIPAM) Microparticle Volume." Sensors 13, no. 1: 1341-1352.

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