Molecules

31 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Intramolecular Acylation of Aryl- and Aroyl-Aliphatic Acids by the Action of Pyrophosphoryl Chloride and Phosphorus Oxychloride

by Sami El-Sayrafi and Saleh Rayyan

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 279-286; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300279 - 31 Mar 2001

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 11448

Abstract

Both pyrophosphoryl chloride and phosphorus oxychloride react with aryl aliphatic acids to form mixed anhydrides which undergo intramolecular acylation to afford cyclic ketones without the addition of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. Aryl and aroylbenzoic acids could be cyclized to the corresponding anthrones and anthraquinones [...] Read more.

Both pyrophosphoryl chloride and phosphorus oxychloride react with aryl aliphatic acids to form mixed anhydrides which undergo intramolecular acylation to afford cyclic ketones without the addition of a Friedel-Crafts catalyst. Aryl and aroylbenzoic acids could be cyclized to the corresponding anthrones and anthraquinones respectively. Full article

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89 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

(2,2'-Bipyridine-N,N')dibutyldiisothiocyanotin

by Chun Hu, Rihong Tan, Jianping Wang, Yu Ji and Shengfu Wang

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M210; https://doi.org/10.3390/M210 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3286

Abstract

Diorganotin dihalide complexes with bidentate nitrogen ligands exhibit some pharmaceutical activities such as antitumour activity, antiviral activity and anti-microbiological activity[1-3], we have synthesized some diorganotin dihalide and dipseudohalide complexes with bidentate nitrogen ligands, one of which is (2,2'-bipyridine-N,N')dibutyldiisothiocyanotin.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

89 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

Dibutyldichloro(1,10-phenanthroline-N¹,N¹⁰)tin

by Chun Hu, Rihong Tan, Jianping Wang, Yu Ji and Shengfu Wang

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M209; https://doi.org/10.3390/M209 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3666

Abstract

Diorganotin dihalide complexes with bidentate nitrogen ligands exhibit some pharmaceutical activities such as antitumour activity, antiviral activity and anti-microbiological activity[1-3], we have synthesized some diorganotin dihalide complexes with bidentate nitrogen ligands, one of which is dibutyldichloro(1,10-phenanthroline-N¹,N¹⁰)tin.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

86 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

2-Methyl-5-chloromethyl-8-hydroxyquinoline

by Ke-Qing Zhao, Ping Hu, Yu-Quan Zhou and Hong-Bo Xu

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M208; https://doi.org/10.3390/M208 - 25 Mar 2001

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4242

Abstract

Quinoline and its derivatives have been widely used as metal ion chelating agents, metal extracting agents, corrosive inhibitors and they often show biological activity.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

87 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

1-(Pyridin-3-yl)-4-(triethylsilyloxy)-2-butyn-1-ol

by Vittorio E. Caprio, Michael W. Jones and Margaret A. Brimble

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M207; https://doi.org/10.3390/M207 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3495

Abstract

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

86 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

1-(Pyridin-3-yl)but-2-yn-1,4-diol

by Vittorio E. Caprio, Michael W. Jones and Margaret A. Brimble

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M206; https://doi.org/10.3390/M206 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3545

Abstract

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

15 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

4-Hydroxy-methylen-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine

by Michael Kercher and Burkhard König

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M205; https://doi.org/10.3390/M205 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3069

Abstract

A key intermediate in the synthesis of extended bipyridine ligands [1] is 4-hydroxymethylene-4-methyl-2,2-bipyridine (3), because the hydroxy group is readily converted into a variety of other chemical moieties, such as leaving or carbonyl groups.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

89 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

4,5-Dimethoxy-2-(4-methylbenzoyl)-1-(4-methylphenylsulfonylamido)benzene

by Sergey K. Smirnov, Artem S. Dmitriyev and Irina V. Lodina

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M204; https://doi.org/10.3390/M204 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3319

Abstract

For this synthesis, we propose a modification of the reaction procedure described in [1].[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

77 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

Methyl 3-Hydroxythieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M203; https://doi.org/10.3390/M203 - 25 Mar 2001

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3338

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules as potential anti-inflammatory agents we synthesised methyl 3-hydroxythieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylate based on the reported anti-inflammatory activity of the structurally related molecule 3-isopropoxy-5-methoxy-N-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-yl)-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide [1,2].[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

89 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

Pyridine-3-carboxaldehyde O-methyloxime

by Vittorio E. Caprio, Michael W. Jones and Margaret A. Brimble

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M202; https://doi.org/10.3390/M202 - 25 Mar 2001

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3670

Abstract

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

97 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

1-(2-Vinyl-pyridin-3-yl)propanal O-methyloxime and 1-(6-Vinyl-pyridin-3-yl)propanal O-methyloxime

by Vittorio E. Caprio, Michael W. Jones and Margaret A. Brimble

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M201; https://doi.org/10.3390/M201 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 4342

Abstract

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere. Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (313 mg, 2.21 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of oxime 1 (100 mg, 0.735 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) at -78^oC under nitrogen [...] Read more.

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere. Boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (313 mg, 2.21 mmol) was added dropwise to a solution of oxime 1 (100 mg, 0.735 mmol) in toluene (8 mL) at -78^oC under nitrogen and the mixture stirred for 5 min.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

88 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

tert-Butyl methoxy(2-propynyl)carbamate

by Vittorio E. Caprio, Michael W. Jones and Margaret A. Brimble

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M200; https://doi.org/10.3390/M200 - 25 Mar 2001

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3391

Abstract

The general part of the experimental section [1] has been presented elsewhere.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

94 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

N-Benzyl-3-(2-morpholine)ethoxy-5-methoxy benzofuran-2-carboxamide

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M199; https://doi.org/10.3390/M199 - 25 Mar 2001

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3225

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-like molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists [1-4] we synthesised methyl 3-(2-(N-morpholino)ethyl-5-methoxybenzofuran-2-carboxylate.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

90 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

N-(2-Ethylmorpholino)-3-bis-ketothiene

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M198; https://doi.org/10.3390/M198 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 2727

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-like molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists [1-4] we synthesised N-(2-ethylmorpholino)-3-bis-ketothiene.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

91 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

1-(2-Ethylmorpholino)-5-benzyloxy-3-(1-napthoyl)pyrrolopyridine

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M197; https://doi.org/10.3390/M197 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 2845

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-like molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists [1-4] we synthesised N-(2-ethylmorpholino)-3-bis keto(1-naphthyl) oxindole.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

92 KiB

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N-(2-Ethylmorpholino)-3-bis-keto(1-naphthyl)oxindole

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M196; https://doi.org/10.3390/M196 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3156

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-like molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists [1-4] we synthesised N-(2-ethylmorpholino)-3-bis-keto(1-naphthyl)oxindole.[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

92 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

5-Isopropyl-N-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)thiobenzo-2-oxazole Acetamide

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M195; https://doi.org/10.3390/M195 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3155

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel molecules as potential anti-inflammatory agents we synthesised 3-Chloro-5-methoxy-1-benzo[b]thiophene-2-sulphonylamide base on the reported anti-inflammatory activity of the structurally related molecule 3-isopropoxy-5-methoxy-N-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetraazol-5-yl)-1-benzothiophene-2-carboxamide [1,2]. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

92 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

[5-Hydroxy-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone

by Gerard P. Moloney

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M194; https://doi.org/10.3390/M194 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3302

Abstract

As part of a research programme targeting novel indole-based molecules as potential cannabinoid agonists we synthesised [5-hydroxy-1-(2-morpholinoethyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone [1-4].[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

85 KiB

Open AccessShort Note

Bis(p-allylhimachalene)dichlorodipalladium

by Larbi El Firdoussi and Abdellah Karim

Molecules 2001, 6(3), M193; https://doi.org/10.3390/M193 - 25 Mar 2001

Viewed by 3409

Abstract

The title organometallic compound, potentially important synthetic intermediate, was prepared regio- and stereospecifically from b-himachalene ((4aR)-3,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-benzocycloheptene), essentiel component of cedrus atlantica oil [1].[...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Molbank Section of Molecules, 1997-2001)

67 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aminoacids in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Systems: The Synthesis of Triazinoquinazolinones, Triazepinoquinazolinones and Triazocinoquinazolinones of Potential Biological Interest

by A. M.Sh. El-Sharief, Y. A. Ammar, M. A. Zahran, A. H. Ali and M. S.A. El-Gaby

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 267-278; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300267 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 45 | Viewed by 10147

Abstract

A number of novel triazinoquinazolinones (5b,c and 8), triazepinoquinazolinones(5a, 6b, 7 and 9) and triazocinoquinazolinones (6a and 10) were obtained via nucleophilic interaction of 3-aminoquinazolinone derivatives 3 with different reagents. Full article

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48 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enantioselective Intramolecular CH-Insertions upon Cu-Catalyzed Decomposition of Phenyliodonium Ylides

by Paul Müller and Christelle Boléa

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 258-266; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300258 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 7946

Abstract

The Cu-catalyzed intramolecular CH insertion of phenyliodonium ylide 5b has been investigated at 0° C in the presence of several chiral ligands. Enantioselectivities vary in the range of 38–72 %, and are higher than those resulting from reaction of the diazo compound 5c [...] Read more.

The Cu-catalyzed intramolecular CH insertion of phenyliodonium ylide 5b has been investigated at 0° C in the presence of several chiral ligands. Enantioselectivities vary in the range of 38–72 %, and are higher than those resulting from reaction of the diazo compound 5c at 65° C. The results are consistent with a carbenoid mechanism for Cu-catalyzed decomposition of phenyliodonium ylides. Full article

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66 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preparation of Arylthiocyanates Using N,N′-Dibromo-N,N′-bis(2,5-dimethylbenzenesulphonyl) ethylenediamine and N,NDibromo-2,5-dimethylbenzenesulphonamide in the Presence of KSCN as a Novel Thiocyanating Reagent

by Ardeshir Khazaei, Abdolhamid Alizadeh and Ramin Ghorbani Vaghei

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 253-257; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300253 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 6948

Abstract

N-Bromosulphonamides, synthesized via direct bromination of sulphonamides, react with several types of arene substrates in the presence of KSCN to afford aryl thiocyanates. The method appears to be generally applicable to benzenoid substrates with a wide range of substituents, such as N [...] Read more.

N-Bromosulphonamides, synthesized via direct bromination of sulphonamides, react with several types of arene substrates in the presence of KSCN to afford aryl thiocyanates. The method appears to be generally applicable to benzenoid substrates with a wide range of substituents, such as N,N-dimethylaniline, p-xylene, anisole, mesitylene and cumene. Full article

44 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of (±)-trans-2,5-Diisopropylborolane

by Gerhard Laschober, Massimo Zorzi and Kevin J. Hodgetts

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 244-252; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300244 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6790

Abstract

The cyclic hydroboration of 2,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene (6) was studied. It was found that the stereochemical outcome of the reaction was dependent upon the solvent, temperature, time and the nature of the borane reagent. Pure racemic trans-2,5-diisopropylborolane (14) was isolated following selective complexation of [...] Read more.

The cyclic hydroboration of 2,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadiene (6) was studied. It was found that the stereochemical outcome of the reaction was dependent upon the solvent, temperature, time and the nature of the borane reagent. Pure racemic trans-2,5-diisopropylborolane (14) was isolated following selective complexation of the cis-2,5-diisopropylborolane (15) with 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-pyrrolidine. Full article

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142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of Acridine-based DNA Bis-intercalating Agents

by Gerard P. Moloney, David P. Kelly and P. Mack

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 230-243; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300230 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 38 | Viewed by 13768

Abstract

Methods for the synthesis of N¹, N⁸-bis(9-acridinyl)-N⁴-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-spermidine and N¹, N⁷-(hydroxybenzyl)-bis-(3-aminopropyl)amine were investigated. Thus monocyanoethylation of 4-methoxybenzylamine followed by treatment with 4-chlorobutyronitrile gave the dinitrile N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-(3-cyanopropyl)-4-methoxybenzylamine. Subsequent in situ reduction with lithium aluminium hydride [...] Read more.

Methods for the synthesis of N¹, N⁸-bis(9-acridinyl)-N⁴-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-spermidine and N¹, N⁷-(hydroxybenzyl)-bis-(3-aminopropyl)amine were investigated. Thus monocyanoethylation of 4-methoxybenzylamine followed by treatment with 4-chlorobutyronitrile gave the dinitrile N-(2-cyanoethyl)-N-(3-cyanopropyl)-4-methoxybenzylamine. Subsequent in situ reduction with lithium aluminium hydride gave the corresponding diamine. Biscyanoethylation of 4-methoxybenzylamine with 2 mole of acrylonitrile followed by reduction yielded the diamine N, N-bis-(3-aminopropyl)-4-methoxybenzylamine. Both diamines reacted smoothly with 9-methoxyacridine to give the bis-(9-acridinyl) compounds 11 and 15 but with 4,5-dimethyl-9-methoxyacridine, the bis compound 16 was produced in only low yields. Demethylation of the dinitriles by a variety of approaches all failed to give the corresponding hydroxybenzyl derivatives. These studies yielded useful methylated tyrosine derivatives which could also be iodinated. This study has been useful for elucidating chemical methods needed for the synthesis of the desired tyrosine-based bis acridine compound and for alerting us to the need to synthesise a more labile protected tyrosine intermediate which will be easily deprotected to afford the desired tyrosine-based bis acridine compound. Full article

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127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Association Constants of Cyclodextrins and Their tert-Butyl Derivatives With Halogenbenzoic Acids and Acridine Derivatives

by Martin Pumera, Radka Matalová, Ivan Jelínek, Jindřich Jindřich and Josef Jůza

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 221-229; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300221 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 8170

Abstract

Association constants of complexes of a new class of cyclodextrin alkyl derivatives - randomly susbstituted tert-butyl derivatives (TB-CDs) with complete set of mono-halobenzoic acids and acridine derivatives were measured using capillary electrophoresis and compared with association constants of natural cyclodextrins. In most cases [...] Read more.

Association constants of complexes of a new class of cyclodextrin alkyl derivatives - randomly susbstituted tert-butyl derivatives (TB-CDs) with complete set of mono-halobenzoic acids and acridine derivatives were measured using capillary electrophoresis and compared with association constants of natural cyclodextrins. In most cases the association constants of natural cyclodextrin and its corresponding tert-butyl derivative were comparable. Strong dependence of association constants on actual cyclodextrin concentration was observed for complexes of tert-butyl-α-cyclodextrin with acridine derivatives. Significant increase of the association constant occurred below the critical micelle concentration of the cyclodextrin derivative, while an increase above this value was less significant. Full article

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121 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Crystal and Molecular Structures of N-benzyl-C-(2-pyridyl) nitrone and its ZnBr₂ Complex. A Study of Their Reactivity

by Pedro Merino, Sonia Anoro, Elena Cerrada, Mariano Laguna, Ana Moreno and Tomas Tejero

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 208-220; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300208 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 10427

Abstract

The ZnBr₂ complex of the title compound has been studied by both structural and theoretical methods. Similar reactivities have been observed for the nitrone alone and the complex in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and nucleophilic additions. Full article

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29 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Synthesis of 1-(2'-O-Methyl-ß-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-d]pyridazine-4,7(5H,6H)-dione: An Attractive Building Block for Antisense and Triple-helical Applications

by Huan-Ming Chen and Ramachandra S. Hosmane

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 203-207; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300203 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 7505

Abstract

Synthesis of the title compound,1-(2'-O-methyl-ß-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazo-[4,5-d]pyridazine-4,7(5H,6H)-dione (1), is reported. It was synthesized in four steps, starting from methyl 1-(ß-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo-4,5-dicarboxylate (2). The 3',5'-hydroxyl groups of 2 was protected with a bis-silylating agent to form 3, which was then methylated to form the corresponding 2'-O-methyl derivative [...] Read more.

Synthesis of the title compound,1-(2'-O-methyl-ß-D-ribofuranosyl)-1H-imidazo-[4,5-d]pyridazine-4,7(5H,6H)-dione (1), is reported. It was synthesized in four steps, starting from methyl 1-(ß-D-ribofuranosyl)imidazo-4,5-dicarboxylate (2). The 3',5'-hydroxyl groups of 2 was protected with a bis-silylating agent to form 3, which was then methylated to form the corresponding 2'-O-methyl derivative 5. The silyl deprotection of the latter (to form 6), followed by treatment with hydrazine afforded the target nucleoside 1. The reported nucleoside has potentially beneficial applications in biomedicine based on antisense and triple-helical nucleic acid technologies. Full article

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55 KiB

Open AccessArticle

7-(1-Acetoxymethylidene)Benzonorbornadiene: A Versatile Reagent for the Synthesis of 7-Formyl and 7-Hydroxymethyl Benzonorbornadienes

by Ronald N. Warrener, Geoffrey J. Collin and Patrick J. Foley

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 194-202; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300194 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6511

Abstract

7-(1-Acetoxymethylidene)benzonorbornadiene 3, prepared in one step by the addition of benzyne to 6-acetoxyfulvene 2, is hydrolysed in acid solution to form a 3:2-epimeric mixture of syn- and anti- 7-formylbenzonorbornadienes 4 and 5, respectively; the corresponding 7-hydroxymethylbenzonorbornadienes 6 and 9 were produced by reduction [...] Read more.

7-(1-Acetoxymethylidene)benzonorbornadiene 3, prepared in one step by the addition of benzyne to 6-acetoxyfulvene 2, is hydrolysed in acid solution to form a 3:2-epimeric mixture of syn- and anti- 7-formylbenzonorbornadienes 4 and 5, respectively; the corresponding 7-hydroxymethylbenzonorbornadienes 6 and 9 were produced by reduction of the formyl isomers with sodium borohydride. Full article

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320 KiB

Open AccessReview

Muscarinic Receptor Agonists and Antagonists

by Kenneth J. Broadley and David R. Kelly

Molecules 2001, 6(3), 142-193; https://doi.org/10.3390/60300142 - 28 Feb 2001

Cited by 76 | Viewed by 23184

Abstract

A comprehensive review of pharmacological and medical aspects of the muscarinic class of acetylcholine agonists and antagonists is presented. The therapeutic benefits of achieving receptor subtype selectivity are outlined and applications in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed. A selection of chemical [...] Read more.

A comprehensive review of pharmacological and medical aspects of the muscarinic class of acetylcholine agonists and antagonists is presented. The therapeutic benefits of achieving receptor subtype selectivity are outlined and applications in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease are discussed. A selection of chemical routes are described, which illustrate contemporary methodology for the synthesis of chiral medicinal compounds (asymmetric synthesis, chiral pool, enzymes). Routes to bicyclic intrannular amines and intramolecular Diels-Alder reactions are highlighted. Full article

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Molecules, Volume 6, Issue 3 (March 2001) – 29 articles , Pages 142-286, Articles M193-M210

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