Molecules 2011, 16(6), 4428-4437; doi:10.3390/molecules16064428
Article

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Camellia oleifera Fruit Hull

Liangliang Zhang 1,2,3,4,5,* email, Yongmei Wang 1,2,3,4,5 , Dongmei Wu 1,2,3,4,5 , Man Xu 1,2,3,4  and Jiahong Chen 1,2,3,4
1 Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China 2 National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China 3 Key and Open Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China 4 Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210042, China 5 Institute of New Technology of Forestry, CAF, Beijing 100091, China
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Received: 24 March 2011; in revised form: 9 May 2011 / Accepted: 25 May 2011 / Published: 27 May 2011
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products)
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Abstract: The abundant fruit hulls of tea-oil tree (Camellia oleifera) are still underutilized and wastefully discaded to pollute the environment. In order to solve this problem and better utilize the fruit hulls of C. oleifera, a microwave-assisted extraction system was used to extract their polyphenols using water as the extraction solvent. A central composite design (CCD) was used to monitor the effects of three extraction processing parameters – liquid:solid ratio (mL/g), extraction time (min) and extraction temperature (°C) – on the polyphenol yield (%). The results showed that the optimal conditions were liquid:solid ratio of 15.33:1 (mL/g), extraction time of 35 min and extraction temperature of 76 °C. Validation tests indicated that under the optimized conditions the actual yield of polyphenols was 15.05 ± 0.04% with RSD = 0.21% (n = 5), which was in good agreement with the predicted yield. Phenolic compounds in the extracts were analysed by HPLC, and gallic acid was found to be the predominant constituent. The total flavonoid content in the extracts was determined and high total flavonoid content was revealed (140.06 mg/g dry material).
Keywords: Camellia oleifera; polyphenols; microwave-assisted extraction; response surface methodology

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Cite This Article

MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, L.; Wang, Y.; Wu, D.; Xu, M.; Chen, J. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Camellia oleifera Fruit Hull. Molecules 2011, 16, 4428-4437.

AMA Style

Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu D, Xu M, Chen J. Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Camellia oleifera Fruit Hull. Molecules. 2011; 16(6):4428-4437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Liangliang; Wang, Yongmei; Wu, Dongmei; Xu, Man; Chen, Jiahong. 2011. "Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Camellia oleifera Fruit Hull." Molecules 16, no. 6: 4428-4437.

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