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• Yoshida, M
• Gomes, E
• Soares, C
• Cunha, A
• Oliveira, M
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• Gomes, E
• Soares, C
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• Gomes, E
• Soares, C
• Cunha, A
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Molecules 2010, 15(4), 2439-2452; doi:10.3390/molecules15042439

Article

Thermal Analysis Applied to Verapamil Hydrochloride Characterization in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Maria Irene Yoshida ¹ , Elionai Cassiana Lima Gomes ¹ , Cristina Duarte Vianna Soares ² , Alexandre Frinhani Cunha ³  and Marcelo Antonio Oliveira ^3,*

¹ Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ² Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627-31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ³ Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Biológicas e Agrárias, CEUNES, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Rodovia BR 101 Norte, km 60, 29932-540 São Mateus, ES, Brazil

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 8 January 2010; in revised form: 20 February 2010 / Accepted: 5 March 2010 / Published: 8 April 2010

Download PDF Full-Text [223 KB, uploaded 8 April 2010 14:11 CEST]

Abstract: Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are useful techniques that have been successfully applied in the pharmaceutical industry to reveal important information regarding the physicochemical properties of drug and excipient molecules such as polymorphism, stability, purity, formulation compatibility among others. Verapamil hydrochloride shows thermal stability up to 180 °C and melts at 146 °C, followed by total degradation. The drug is compatible with all the excipients evaluated. The drug showed degradation when subjected to oxidizing conditions, suggesting that the degradation product is 3,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid derived from alkyl side chain oxidation. Verapamil hydrochloride does not present the phenomenon of polymorphism under the conditions evaluated. Assessing the drug degradation kinetics, the drug had a shelf life (t₉₀) of 56.7 years and a pharmaceutical formulation showed t₉₀ of 6.8 years showing their high stability.

Keywords: verapamil hydrochloride; thermal analysis; degradation kinetics; characterization

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