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Entropy 2006, 8(3), 175-181; doi:10.3390/e8030175

Article

Generalized Ideal Gas Equations for Structureful Universe

Shahid N. Afridi and Khalid Khan

Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.

* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Received: 19 May 2006 / Accepted: 4 September 2006 / Published: 4 September 2006

Download PDF Full-Text [132 KB, uploaded 16 September 2008 11:01 CEST]

Abstract: We have derived generalized ideal gas equations for a structureful universe consistingof all forms of matters. We have assumed a universe that contains superclusters. Superclusters arethen made of clusters. Each cluster can be further divided into smaller ones and so on. We havederived an expression for the entropy of such a universe. Our model is rather independent of thegeometry of the intermediate clusters. Our calculations are valid for a non-interacting universewithin non-relativistic limits. We suggest that structure formation can reduce the expansion rateof the universe.

Keywords: set theory; cluster; temperature; pressure; entropy; thermal energy; cosmology.

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